Cienaga Moedas

A wetland system specific to the American Southwest is called a ciénega. Ciénagas are alkaline, freshwater, spongy, wet meadows with shallow-gradient, perpetually flooded soils that can occupy nearly the whole widths of valley bottoms in otherwise parched regions. Few ciénagas today can be described in that way, but historical, undamaged ciénagas satisfy that description. Ciénagas with incisions are widespread today. Ciénagas are frequently connected to seeps or springs that can be found near the margins of streams or in the headwaters of canyons. Ciénagas frequently happen as a result of the geomorphology pushing water to the surface over a wide region rather than just through a single pool or canal. Water gently moves through long, broad mats of dense, sponge-like marsh sod in a healthy ciénaga. Ciénaga soils are soft, consistently saturated, extremely organic, drab or anaerobic in colour. Highly adapted sedges, rushes and reeds are the dominant plants, with succession plants—Goodding's willow, Fremont cottonwoods and scattered Arizona walnuts—found on drier margins, down-valley in healthy ciénagas where water goes underground or along the banks of incised ciénagas.

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